Brake Fluid

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Racing Brake Fluid : Explained

On track your brakes will work a lot harder than regular driving on the street. The accelerating and braking increases the temperature of your brakes and the brake fluid. Brake fade is when the brake pedal goes soft or the pedal goes to the floor combined with loss in braking performance. On track brake fade can happen after a few laps, this will lead to less driver confidence and in worse case scenarios ending up in a gravel track or wall.

How does Brake Fluid Work?

Braking systems on most cars are hydraulically operated. In its most simplistic form, when the driver pushes on the brake pedal, fluid is pushed into the master cylinder, this fluid is then distributed to the brake calipers through the vehicle’s brake lines.

How can brake fluid cause brake fade?

Brake fluid is a hygroscopic liquid, meaning it can absorb water. Over time, brake fluid absorbs water from the atmosphere. In a competitive environment such as a race track, the brake fluid can get hot, this turns any water in the brake lines into gas. Unlike brake fluid, gas can be compressed. This unwanted gas in the brake lines interferes with the fluid delivery into the brake calipers, causing the brake fade “soft pedal” that is experienced on track.

When should I change Brake fluid?

We asked a number of garages, and they recommended changing brake fluid once every two years regardless of usage. We would recommend consulting with your vehicle manual, manufacturer, or car enthusiast community for recommendations.

What does the DOT mean in Brake Fluids?

DOT = Department of Transport; the numbers correspond to standards set by the DOT. The most common grades of brake fluid are DOT 3, DOT 4, and DOT/ 5.1. These types of brake fluids are all glycol-based.

  • DOT 3 Dry Boiling Point is 205 °C (401 °F), Wet Boiling Point 140 °C (284 °F)
  • DOT 4 Dry Boiling Point is 230 °C (446 °F), Wet Boiling Point 155 °C (311 °F)
  • DOT 5 Dry Boiling Point is 260 °C (500 °F), Wet Boiling Point 180 °C (356 °F)
  • DOT 5.1 Dry Boiling Point is 270 °C (518 °F), Wet Boiling Point 190 °C (374 °F)

Dry Boiling Point refers to uncontaminated brake fluid which is freshly changed. Wet Boiling Point refers to contaminated brake fluid which has absorbed moisture.

Which brake fluid should I use?

There are a variety of different brake fluids depending on your application. On our track-oriented Nissan Skyline R33 GTR with over 800 brake horsepower, we use A P Racing Radi-Cal R4. This greatly reduced brake fade on tight technical tracks.

Frequently Asked Questions about Brake Fluid

How often should I change brake fluid?

It is generally recommended to change brake fluid every 2 years or 24,000 miles, whichever comes first. However, this can vary based on the vehicle manufacturer’s guidelines and driving conditions.

  • Check the owner's manual for specific recommendations.
  • Inspect brake fluid regularly for contamination or moisture.
  • Consider changing brake fluid more frequently if driving in harsh conditions.

What do brake bleeders do?

Brake bleeders are essential components in a vehicle's braking system. Their primary function is to remove air bubbles from the brake lines, ensuring that the brake fluid can flow freely and effectively. This process is crucial for maintaining optimal braking performance. Key functions of brake bleeders include:

  • Allowing for the expulsion of air trapped in the brake lines.
  • Facilitating the replacement of old brake fluid with fresh fluid.
  • Ensuring consistent brake pedal feel and responsiveness.
  • Preventing brake system failure due to air contamination.
Properly functioning brake bleeders contribute to the overall safety and efficiency of a vehicle's braking system.

What does a bigger brake master cylinder do?

A bigger brake master cylinder increases the volume of brake fluid that can be pushed through the braking system. This can lead to several benefits:

  • Improved Brake Response: A larger cylinder can provide a quicker response when the brake pedal is pressed.
  • Increased Brake Force: It can generate more hydraulic pressure, enhancing the overall braking force applied to the wheels.
  • Better Performance with Larger Brakes: If larger brake calipers or rotors are installed, a bigger master cylinder can help maintain optimal performance.
  • Reduced Pedal Travel: It can decrease the distance the brake pedal needs to be pressed to achieve effective braking.

What does a brake master cylinder do?

The brake master cylinder is a crucial component of a vehicle's braking system. Its primary functions include:

  • Fluid Pressure Generation: It converts the force applied to the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure.
  • Brake Fluid Distribution: It distributes brake fluid to the brake calipers or wheel cylinders at each wheel.
  • System Monitoring: It often includes a reservoir to maintain the brake fluid level and may have a warning system for low fluid levels.
  • Dual Circuit Design: Many master cylinders have a dual circuit design for safety, ensuring that if one circuit fails, the other can still function.

What is the best material for brake lines?

The best materials for brake lines are:

  • Stainless Steel: Highly resistant to corrosion and offers excellent durability. Ideal for high-performance vehicles.
  • Copper-Nickel Alloy: Combines the benefits of copper and nickel, providing good corrosion resistance and flexibility.
  • Rubber: Commonly used for flexible brake lines, it offers good flexibility but may degrade over time due to heat and exposure to brake fluid.
  • PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): Known for its chemical resistance and low friction, often used in high-performance applications.

What is a brake duct?

A brake duct is a component used in vehicles to enhance the cooling of the brake system. It directs airflow towards the brake components, helping to dissipate heat generated during braking. Key functions of brake ducts include:

  • Improving brake performance by maintaining optimal temperatures.
  • Reducing the risk of brake fade, which can occur when brakes overheat.
  • Extending the lifespan of brake components by preventing excessive heat buildup.
Brake ducts are commonly found in high-performance and racing vehicles, but they can also be beneficial in regular road cars, especially in demanding driving conditions.

Does anti-roll bar affect steering?

Yes, an anti-roll bar can affect steering. It plays a crucial role in maintaining vehicle stability during cornering, which indirectly influences steering response. Effects of an anti-roll bar on steering include:

  • Improved Handling: By reducing body roll, the anti-roll bar helps keep the tyres in better contact with the road, enhancing grip and steering precision.
  • Steering Feedback: A stiffer anti-roll bar can provide more direct feedback to the driver, making the steering feel more responsive.
  • Understeer/Oversteer Balance: The design and stiffness of the anti-roll bar can influence the balance of the vehicle, potentially leading to understeer or oversteer, which affects steering behaviour.

Is an anti-roll bar necessary?

An anti-roll bar, also known as a sway bar, is not strictly necessary for a vehicle to operate, but it plays a significant role in enhancing handling and stability. Benefits of an anti-roll bar include:

  • Improved Handling: It reduces body roll during cornering, allowing for better control.
  • Increased Stability: It helps maintain a level stance, improving traction and grip.
  • Enhanced Safety: By minimising roll, it can prevent loss of control in sharp turns.
While some vehicles may perform adequately without one, especially in everyday driving conditions, an anti-roll bar is particularly beneficial for performance-oriented cars or those frequently driven in challenging conditions.

How do anti-roll bars affect handling?

Anti-roll bars, also known as sway bars, play a crucial role in a vehicle's handling by reducing body roll during cornering. They connect the left and right sides of the suspension, helping to distribute weight more evenly across the vehicle. Effects on Handling:

  • Improved Stability: Anti-roll bars enhance stability by limiting the amount of body lean, allowing for better control during turns.
  • Increased Grip: By reducing body roll, they help maintain tyre contact with the road, improving grip and traction.
  • Enhanced Cornering Performance: They allow for sharper and more responsive cornering, making the vehicle feel more agile.
  • Reduced Understeer/Oversteer: Adjusting the stiffness of anti-roll bars can help balance the handling characteristics, reducing tendencies towards understeer or oversteer.

Is an anti-roll bar necessary?

An anti-roll bar, also known as a sway bar, is not strictly necessary for a vehicle to function, but it plays a significant role in enhancing handling and stability. Benefits of an anti-roll bar include:

  • Improved Handling: It reduces body roll during cornering, allowing for better control.
  • Increased Stability: It helps maintain a level stance, improving traction and grip.
  • Enhanced Safety: By minimising roll, it can prevent loss of control in sharp turns.
While some vehicles may perform adequately without one, especially in everyday driving conditions, performance-oriented cars typically benefit from having an anti-roll bar for optimal handling characteristics.

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