Oil System

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Oil System

You don’t need to be a professional mechanic to acknowledge the fact that a vehicle’s engine has numerous moving parts. When these parts come into contact with each other while in motion, friction occurs, which lowers their efficiency and increases their wear and tear rate. This is the purpose of the oil system in your vehicle, to act as a lubricant and reduce the damaging effect that friction has on your engine.

Components of the Oil System

While there might be slight differences between different manufacturers, the main components that are standard in all vehicles are:

– The Oil Pan/Sump

This is the reservoir that holds the engine oil. The oil that gets into the engine comes from the oil pan, and after it circulates through the engine it returns back to the oil pan ready to its next cycle.

– The Oil Pump

Since gravity is working against the oil circulation, an oil pump is necessary to provide the power that will push the oil and create the required pressure to move it throughout the engine.

– The Pressure Valve

Once the oil is pumped from the sump, it is restricted for a while so that it builds up enough pressure to propel it throughout the engine. Once this pressure is achieved, the pressure valve opens to allow the pressurized oil into the engine.

– The Oil Filter

Once the oil has gone through the engine, it picks up dust, grime and other particles that were hidden within the engine’s crooks and crannies. The oil filter removes these impurities before the oil is recycled back into the engine.

– The Pickup Tube

This is the piping that connects the oil pan/sump with the pressure valve. Once the engine is switched on, the oil pump pushes the oil through the pickup tube on its way towards the engine.

– Galleries

The galleries are a series of holes within the engine that allows the pumped oil to access all the engine components that require lubrication. Thanks to the pressure created by the oil pump, in conjunction with the pressure valve, the oil that enters the engine has sufficient pressure to pass through all the galleries and lubricate the engine’s moving parts.

What is the Purpose of Oil in the Engine?

– Lubrication

This is the main purpose of engine oil, to lubricate the moving parts within the engine. A well-lubricated engine does not have much friction which reduces the amount of energy that is required to function. This increases engine performance and improves the overall vehicle engine efficiency. Lubrication also reduces the wear and tear that comes naturally when moving engine parts come into contact. The main engine block which houses the pistons and the crankshaft are particularly prone to damage if they are not sufficiently lubricated, this is where a performance oil system come into play removing the unnecessary risk to valuable engine parts.

– Temperature Regulation

One of the side-effects of friction within the engine is overheating. A well-lubricated oil system ensures that this friction generated heat is not produced which keeps the engine temperatures cooler. Oil is also an excellent conductor of heat. As the cool oil passes through the engine, it absorbs some of the heat generated in the engine further cooling it.

– Removing Dirt and Debris from the Engine

As the engine moves, it usually collects dust, dirt and other debris. These are usually washed away by the oil as it passes through the small holes and galleries within the engine. The oil filter ensures that this dirt is not returned back to the engine during the next oil cycle, thus keeping the engine clean. Debris buildup within the engine affects the overall efficiency and performance of your vehicle.

Aftermarket Improvements to the Oil System

The aftermarket parts that can improve the performance of your vehicle include:

– Oil Catch Tanks

During the combustion process, the combustion cylinder and piston need to be well-lubricated to function properly. Unfortunately, some of this oil ends up getting mixed with the fuel-air mixture being combusted, adding impurities to the exhaust fumes produced. Without an oil catch tank, this oil will be pushed into the exhaust system and will cause clogging over time. In high-performance vehicles, not only is the combustion rate increased, but any blockage in the exhaust will lead to reduced efficiency. The catch tank stores this oil before it enters into the exhaust system.

– Oil Drain Plugs

When you go for an engine change, the oil that is stored in your sump needs to be drained; this is done via the oil drain plug which is located below the sump. High-performance vehicles usually require a reinforced drain plug that will not cause leakage under heavy use.

– Dry Sump

Most stock cars use a wet sump which stores all the oil being used in the engine. A dry sump utilizes an additional oil reservoir which allows the sump to be much smaller. It is referred to as the ‘dry’ sump since it is completely drained when the oil is being pumped into the engine. Its smaller size allows the engine to sit lower and creates a lower center of gravity that improves handling and cornering at high speeds.

– Oil Coolers

In a high-performance engine, the oil tends to heat up much faster due to the increased power output. Engine coolers are usually installed to keep the oil from getting overheated, and losing its effectiveness. Engine coolers are usually installed to regulate the temperature of heating oil, although there are some that can regulate the transmission oil temperatures as well.

Note: The links for “oil system”, “oil catch tanks”, and “oil drain plug” have been added as per the provided keywords and links.

Frequently Asked Questions about Oil System

Is it worth fitting a performance air filter?

Fitting a performance air filter can offer several benefits:

  • Improved Airflow: Performance air filters are designed to increase airflow to the engine, which can enhance performance.
  • Better Engine Efficiency: With improved airflow, the engine can operate more efficiently, potentially leading to better fuel economy.
  • Enhanced Throttle Response: Many users report a more responsive throttle, which can improve driving experience.
  • Longer Lifespan: Performance filters are often reusable and can last longer than standard filters, reducing replacement costs over time.
  • Potential Power Gains: Some drivers experience a slight increase in horsepower, although this can vary based on the vehicle and filter type.
However, the actual benefits can depend on the specific vehicle and driving conditions.

What makes a cam aggressive?

An aggressive camshaft is characterised by several key features that enhance engine performance. These include:

  • Increased Lift: Higher lift allows the engine to draw in more air and fuel, improving combustion efficiency.
  • Longer Duration: A longer duration keeps the intake and exhaust valves open for a greater portion of the engine cycle, allowing for better airflow.
  • Steeper Ramp Rates: Faster opening and closing of the valves can lead to more power at higher RPMs.
  • Overlap: Increased overlap between the intake and exhaust valves can enhance performance by improving scavenging of exhaust gases.
  • Profile Shape: The specific shape of the cam lobes can influence how the engine responds at different RPMs, with aggressive profiles typically favouring high RPM performance.
These characteristics contribute to a camshaft that provides more power and responsiveness, particularly in performance-oriented applications.

What are the cons of camming your car?

Camming your car can enhance performance, but it also comes with several drawbacks:

  • Increased Engine Wear: A camshaft can put additional stress on engine components, leading to faster wear and potential failure.
  • Reduced Fuel Efficiency: Performance cams often result in lower fuel economy due to altered air-fuel mixtures.
  • Compromised Driveability: Cams can affect low-end torque, making the car less responsive at lower RPMs.
  • Noise Levels: Performance cams can increase engine noise, which may not be desirable for all drivers.
  • Potential Emissions Issues: Altered engine performance can lead to higher emissions, potentially causing issues with regulations.
  • Cost of Installation: Upgrading to a performance camshaft can be expensive, including parts and labour.
  • Compatibility Issues: Not all engines are compatible with aftermarket cams, which can limit options.

Do camshafts change engine sound?

Yes, camshafts can change the engine sound. The design and specifications of a camshaft influence the timing and duration of valve openings, which affects the engine's performance and acoustics. Factors that contribute to changes in engine sound include:

  • Lift and Duration: Higher lift and longer duration can create a more aggressive sound.
  • Profile: Different camshaft profiles can alter the exhaust note.
  • Engine RPM: Camshafts designed for higher RPMs may produce a different sound compared to those for lower RPMs.
  • Engine Type: The overall engine configuration (e.g., V8, inline) also affects how camshaft changes impact sound.

Why do cammed cars sound choppy?

Cammed cars sound choppy primarily due to the characteristics of the camshaft profile. Here are the main reasons:

  • Lift and Duration: A camshaft with higher lift and longer duration allows more air and fuel into the engine, creating a more aggressive sound.
  • Overlap: Increased overlap between the intake and exhaust valves can lead to a rougher idle, contributing to the choppy sound.
  • Idle Speed: Cams designed for performance often require a higher idle speed, which can accentuate the choppy noise.
  • Exhaust Note: The changes in exhaust flow dynamics due to the cam profile can alter the exhaust note, making it sound more aggressive and choppy.

Does camshaft affect acceleration?

Yes, the camshaft does affect acceleration. The camshaft controls the timing and duration of the engine's valve openings, which directly influences engine performance. Key factors include:

  • Valve Timing: Proper timing allows for optimal air-fuel mixture intake and exhaust gas expulsion, enhancing engine efficiency.
  • Lift and Duration: Higher lift and longer duration can improve power output at higher RPMs, which can lead to better acceleration.
  • Engine Tuning: A camshaft designed for performance can shift the power band, affecting how quickly the engine accelerates.
In summary, the design and specifications of the camshaft play a crucial role in determining how effectively an engine can accelerate.

Does camming a car make it louder?

Camming a car typically involves installing a performance camshaft, which can indeed make the engine louder. This increase in noise is due to several factors:

  • Increased Airflow: A performance camshaft allows for greater airflow into and out of the engine, which can enhance the exhaust note.
  • Higher RPMs: Cams designed for performance often operate at higher RPMs, producing a more aggressive sound.
  • Exhaust System Interaction: The camshaft can change the way exhaust gases exit the engine, potentially amplifying the sound through the exhaust system.
Overall, while camming a car can lead to a louder engine sound, the extent of the increase will depend on the specific camshaft used and the overall setup of the vehicle.

How much does it cost to replace a camshaft?

The cost to replace a camshaft can vary significantly based on several factors, including the make and model of the vehicle, labour costs, and whether you choose an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) part or an aftermarket part. Typical costs include:

  • Parts: £200 to £1,000
  • Labour: £300 to £800
Overall, the total cost for camshaft replacement can range from approximately £500 to £1,800. Always consult with a mechanic for a precise estimate based on your specific vehicle.

Do camshafts increase horsepower?

Yes, camshafts can increase horsepower. They play a crucial role in controlling the timing and duration of the engine's intake and exhaust valves. Upgrading to a performance camshaft can enhance airflow, improve engine efficiency, and increase power output. Benefits of a performance camshaft include:

  • Improved airflow into and out of the engine
  • Increased torque and horsepower at higher RPMs
  • Better throttle response
  • Optimised engine performance for specific driving conditions
However, the extent of the horsepower increase depends on various factors, including the engine type, other modifications, and tuning.

What does a higher lift camshaft do?

A higher lift camshaft increases the amount of valve lift, allowing the engine to draw in more air and fuel during the intake stroke. This can lead to improved engine performance in several ways:

  • Increased Airflow: More air entering the combustion chamber can enhance combustion efficiency.
  • Higher Power Output: With better airflow, the engine can produce more power, especially at higher RPMs.
  • Improved Torque: A higher lift can also contribute to increased torque, particularly in performance applications.
  • Enhanced Throttle Response: The engine may respond more quickly to throttle inputs due to improved airflow dynamics.
However, it is important to consider that a higher lift camshaft may require additional modifications to the engine, such as upgraded valve springs and potentially changes to the engine's tuning.

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