Air Suspension
Introduced in the 1950's, power steering became standard issue by the 1970's. As the driver turns the steering wheel, the input is amplified into rotating the steering column - magnifying driver steering input, facilitating precision cornering requiring less force. The benefit of power steering is especially evident while manoeuvring at low speed. If you ever drive a vehicle without power steering, the distinction is very immediate and very obvious.
Mechanical power steering systems use a pulley driven hydraulic pump powered by the engine to send fluid to power a pair of hydraulic cylinders, which use actuators to control the extension/retraction movement.
Electronic power steering systems are becoming more widespread, also described as drive-by-wire owing to the lack of mechanical structure. These electronic systems are becoming so advanced some have built in artificial feedback to replicate the prevailing road conditions. A torque sensor will quantify the steering input and transmit signal to the electric control unit (ECU), which amalgamates with input signals from the electronic stability control (ESC) anti-lock braking system (ABS). In turn the electric motor is powered with the force deemed appropriate by the ECU which enacts the reduction gear to convert the rotational momentum.
Electronic power steering systems will increase fuel efficiency as they negate the need for a pump, which draws power away from the engine. They also represent a weight saving over mechanical systems, making them suitable for track use. However, some feel electronic systems do not provide the direct, uninterrupted track/road surface feedback central to the drivers visceral experience and can be dull or uneventful. This mechanical versus electronic (or analogue v digital) debate is set to continue unabated.
Mechanical systems use a belt-driven hydraulic pump connected to actuators. It's simple, reliable, but draws engine power and adds weight.
Electronic (or 'drive-by-wire') systems ditch the pump for an electric motor. This saves fuel, reduces weight, and allows for adjustable steering feel—some even simulate road conditions. However, some purists complain about a slightly disconnected feeling compared to mechanical setups.
For track days or maximizing efficiency, electronic is often preferred. For that direct, unfiltered feedback many drivers crave. Mechanical still has its fans. It really comes down to personal preference and driving style.
The most obvious sign. A super heavy steering wheel, especially when parking or moving slowly. It’ll feel like you’re wrestling with the car. You might also hear whining noises coming from under the hood, particularly when turning.
Check for fluid leaks near the power steering pump and reservoir – that's a common culprit. If your steering feels jerky or uneven, or if the wheel doesn’t return to center properly after a turn, those are red flags too.
A slipping belt on the hydraulic pump can also cause issues. Don't ignore these symptoms—a failing power steering system can become unsafe quickly.
Yes, you *can* drive without it, but be prepared for a serious arm workout. It’s perfectly safe if everything else is in good working order, but it requires significantly more effort.
Older cars and some performance vehicles don't have power steering as standard – enthusiasts often prefer the direct feel. However, on modern roads with heavier cars and tighter spaces, you'll quickly appreciate what it does. Expect a much slower turning radius and be ready to exert more force.
Don’t ignore a failing power steering system though – it can become dangerous if it suddenly fails while driving at speed. Get it checked!
Let's be honest, most drivers take power steering for granted until it fails. Simply put, it multiplies the force you apply to the steering wheel, making it way easier to turn—especially at low speeds.
Think about parking or maneuvering in tight spaces without it. It’s a workout. Power steering uses either hydraulics (old school) or an electric motor to assist your turns. This means less effort for you and more control over the car.
It's not just about convenience, though. Power steering helps reduce driver fatigue on long journeys and improves responsiveness, making a big difference in how the car feels.
